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初二年级（上）【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. on time 2. best wishes 3. give a talk 4. for example 5. short for6. a waste of time7. go on a field trip8. go fishing9. I agree10. next week11. the day after tomorrow12. have a picnic13. have some problems doing sth.14. go the wrong way15. hurry up16. get together17. in the open air18. on Mid-Autumn Day19. come over20. have to 21. get home 22. agree with 23. in the country24. in town 25. all the same26. in front of27. on the left/right side28. next to 29. up and down30. keep healthy31. grow up32. at the same time33. the day before yesterday35. last Saturday36. half an hour ago37. a moment ago38. just now39. by the way40. all the time41. at firstII. 重要句型1. have fun doing sth. 2. Why don’t you…?3. We’re going to do sth.4. start with sth.5. Why not…? 6. Are you going to…?7. be friendly to sb.8. You’d better do sth.9. ask sb. for sth.10. say goodbye to sb.11. Good luck(with sb)!III. 外交用语1.Welcome backto school!2.Excuse me. I’m sorry I’m late, because the traffic is bad. 3.It doesn’t matter.4.Happy Teachers’ Day !5.That’s a good idea.6.What are you going to do？7.Where are we going ?8.What are we going to do ? 9.I’m good at…10.It’s not far from…11. Are you free tomorrow evening?12.Would you and Lily like to come over to my home for Mid-Autumn Festival?13.I’m glad you can come.14.Thanks for asking us.15.How about another one?16.May I have a taste?17.Let me walk with you.18.What do you have to do?19.Do you live on a farm?20.Which do you like better, the city or the country?21.Which do you like best, dogs, cats or chickens?22.Shall we go at ten? Good idea!23.---Let’s make it half past one. ---OK.24.---Why not come a little earlier? ---All right.25.Excuse me. Where’s the nearest post office, please?26.It’s over there on the right.27.I’m sorry I don’t know.28.You’d better…29.Thank you all the same.30.Which bus do I take?31.Go along this road.32.What day was it yesterday?33.I’m sorry to hear that.34.I hope you’re better now.35.Why did you call me?36.I called to tell…IV. 重要语法1.be going to的用法；2.形容词的比力级、最高级；3.形容词和副词的比力4.一般已往时【名师解说】1. on the street / in the street表现“在街上”时，on the street 和 in the street 都可以，在美国多用on the street, 在英国多用in the street. 例如：We have a house in the street. 我们在街上有座屋子。I met him on the street. 我在街上遇见了他。
2. would like / like would like 和 like寄义差别。like 意思是“喜欢”，“喜好”，而 would like 意思是“想要”。
试比力： I like beer.=I’m fond of beer. 我喜欢喝啤酒。I’d like a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer. 我想要一杯啤酒。Do you like going to the cinema? 你喜欢看影戏吗？ Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? 你今晚想去看影戏吗？3. another / the other(1)another 通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一小我私家或 物体。
例如：May I have another apple, please? 请在给我一个苹果好吗？This coat is too small for me. Please show me another这件外套我穿太小，请再给我拿一件看看。(2)the other 通常指两者中的另一个。
例如：He has two rulers. One is short. The other is long. 他有两把尺子，一把短的，另一把长的。I have two brothers. One works in Xi’an . The other works in Beijing. 我有两个兄弟，一个在西安事情，另一个在北京事情。
4. have to /must (1)have to和 must 都可以用来谈论义务，但用法略有差别。如果某人主观上以为必须去做而又想去时，常用must。
如果谈论某种来自“外界”的义务，常用have to。例如：I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟。（自己想戒烟）They have to work for the boss.他们不得不为谁人老板事情。
（条件逼得他们去事情） (2)have to 可用于多种时态，must 只能用于一般现在时。例如：I’ll have to get up early tomorrow morning.明天早晨我必须早早起床。
We had to work long hours every day in order to get more money.为了多挣钱，我们不得不天天长时间地事情。(3)用于否认句时，mustn’t意思是“决不能”，“克制”，而don’t have to意思是“不必”，相当于needn’t。例如： You mustn’t be late again next time.下一次你决不能再迟到。
You don’t have to go there today. You can go there tomorrow. 你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。5. hear sb. or sth.doing sth. / herar sb. or sth. do sth.hear sb. or sth.doing sth.意思是“听到某人或某物在做某事”，而hear sb. or sth. do sth.意思是“听到某人或某物做过某事”。
试比力：I hear him singing an English song.听见他在唱英歌曲。I heard him sing an English song.我听见他唱一首英文歌。
类似hear 这种用法的另有see, watch, listen, feel等感官动词。6. any /someany和some 都可以同不行数名词和可数名词的复数形式连用，但some一般用在肯定句中；any用在疑问句和否认句中。试比力：I want some money. 我想要点钱。Have you any money? 你有钱吗？I don’t have any money. 我一点钱也没有。
some 有时也用于疑问句，表现说话人期待一个肯定回覆或勉励人家说“是”。例如：Would you like some more beer?请你再来点啤酒好吗？Could I have some rice, please?请给我来点米饭好吗？7. hear /listen tolisten to 和hear 都有“听”的意思，但寄义有所差别。
Listen to强调“听”的行动，hear 强调“听”的效果。例如： Listen to me ,please! I’m going to tell you a story. 请听我说！我给你们讲个故事。Listen! Can you hear someone crying in the next room? 听！你能听见有人在隔邻房间里哭吗？ I listened, but heard nothing.我听了听，但什么也听不见。
hear 后面如果接宾语从句，经常表现“听说”。例如： I hear some foreign students will visit our school.我听说一些外国学生将要会见我们学校。I hear there is going to be a film in our school this evening.我听说今晚我们学校要演一场影戏。8. Let’s… /Let us…Let’s… 和Let us… 都表现“让我们……”, 如果us 包罗听话人在内，其寄义相同，附带问句用shall we. 如果us 不包罗听话人在内，其寄义差别，Let us…的附带问句要用will you。
例如： Let’s go shopping, shall we? 我们去购物好吗？9. take/ bring/ carry /get这四个动词都有“拿”和“带”的意思，但寄义有所差别。take意为“带走”，“拿走”，bring意为“带来”，“拿来”, get表现“到此外地方把某人或某物带来或拿来”，carry不强调偏向，带有负重的意思。试比力：My parents often take me there on holidays.我怙恃经常带我到那里去度假。
I’m going to take you to Beijing.我准备带你去北京。Bring me a cup of tea, please.请给我端杯茶来。I’ll bring the book to you tomorrow.明天我把那本书给你带来。
The waiter carried the me to the table服务员把肉送到桌上。The monkey carried the bag on her back.猴子把谁人包背在背上。She went back to get her handbag.他折回去拿他的手提包。
Let me get the doctor.让我去请医生吧。10. far away /faraway (1)far away是一个副词短语，意思是“很远”。例如：Some are far away. Some are nearer.有些离得很远，有些离得近一些的。
The village is far away from here.谁人村子离这儿很远。(2)faraway是一个形容词，意思是“遥远的”，可以在句中作定语。
例如：He lives in faraway mountain village.他住在一个遥远的小山村。11. find / look forfind和look for 都有“找”的意思，但寄义差别。find 强调“找”的效果，而look for 强调“找”的历程。请看下列例句：He is looking for his bike.他在找他的自行车。
I’m looking for my watch, but can’t find it.我在找我的手表，可是找不到。I hope you will soon find your lost ring.希望你尽快找到丢失的戒指。另外，find另有“发现”；“感应”等意思。
例如：I found a wallet in the desk.我在课桌里发现了一个钱包。I find this book very interesting.我以为这本书很有意思。12. in front of /in the front ofIn front of 表现在某物的前面，不在某物的规模内。In the front of 表现在某物的前部，在某物的规模内。
试比力：My seat is in front of Mary’s.我的座位在玛丽座位的前面。He is sitting in the front of the car with the driver.他和司机坐在小车的前部。【考点扫描】1. be going to的用法；2. 形容词的比力级、最高级；3. 形容词和副词的比力4. 一般已往时5. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；6. 本单元学过的日常外交用语。【中考规范】1. (2004年烟台市中考试题) In the exam, the ________ you are, the ________ mistakes you’ll make. A. carefully, little B. more carefully, fewest C. more careful, fewer D. more careful, less【剖析】谜底：C。
该题考察的是形容词和副词的比力以及他们的比力品级的用法。第一个空应填形容词careful的比力级，因为它在句中作表语，第二个空应填few的比力级，因为它修饰的是复数可数名词。
2. (2004年河北省中考试题) Bob never does his homework _________ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes. A. so careful B. as carefully as C. carefully D. as careful as【剖析】谜底：B。该题考察的是形容词和副词的用法比力。该空应填副词，因为它修饰的是动词does。该题用的是not as+副词+as的结构，所以谜底应是B。
3. (2004年重庆市中考试题) That day I saw some parents _________ at the back of the classroom, ________ to the teacher. A. sitting, listened B. sat, listened C. sitting, listening D. sat, listening【剖析】谜底：C。该题考察的是see sb. doing sth.的句型结构和分词作状语的用法。第一个空stting在句中作saw的宾语补足语，第二个空listening做陪同状语。
4. (2004年杭州市中考试题) You ________ open the door before the train gets into the station. A. don’t have to B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not【剖析】谜底：B。该题考察的是几个情态动词否认式的用法区别。don’t have to和needn’t的意思都是“不必”，may not的意思是“可以不”，只有mustn’t表现“不许”，“克制”。【满分演练】一. 单项填空1. Welcome back ________school.A. in B. at C. to D. on2. Miss Gao is our new Chinese teacher ________.A. in this term B. this termC. on this term D. that term3. ---I’m sorry I’m late.---_____________.A. OK B. It doesn’t matterC. All right D. Thank you4. Li Mu and Jill are talking _________where they are going. A. about B. to C. with D. for5. There is very ______food in the house.A. a few B. little C. a little D. few6. You’d better take a raincoat ____you.A. to B. with C. on D. for7. The children are going to the Great Wall ______a field trip.A. to B. with C. on D. for8. I’m______hungry. May I have a mooncake?A. a little B. little C. a few D. few9. I’m still hungry. I’d like _________one.A. other B. another C. an other D. the other10.The moon looks ____than the sun, but in fact the sun is ______than the moon.A. big; big B. bigger; bigger C. small; small D. smaller; smaller11. I can see them_____football on the playground.A. play B. playing C. to play D. are playing12. Ji Wei runs_________than I.A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest13. I think steamed bread is ____________ hamburger.A. more delicious than B. most delicious than C. more delicious to D. most delicious to14. ---What are you going to do this afternoon?----__________. I’m free.A. To do my homework B. To clean my houseC. To do some shopping D. Nothing much15. ---May I speak to Jack?---____________. Who’s that?A. I’m Jack B. That is JackC.This is Jack speaking D. I’m Jack speaking16. ----Why not _________ and see the play?---Good idea.A.go B. going C. to go D. goes17. It’s cold outside. Please keep the door_________.A. close B. closing C. closes D. closed18. My home is about two hundred metres_____our school.A. from B. far from C. away D. to19. There are some apple trees ________her house.A. in the front of B. at the back of C. in the middle of D. at the front of20. Which floor do you ________?A. live B. live on C. live at D. live in二. 完形填空 The Xingqing Palace Park（兴庆宫公园）is __1___ park in Xi’an.__2__ Saturdays or Sundays, children like ___3___ there __4___ their parents. There they can play games. There is a lake and a hill in the park. Today is Sunday. Many children are playing in the park. Look! Some children __5___ on the lake. They are good __6___ it. Is the boat ___7___ a chicken? No. It looks like a duck. Some boys are playing __8___ football on the grass(草地)。
A few boys __9___the hill over there. All the children are having a good time. They think playing in the park is___10___ than having classes at school.1.A. bigger B. the biggest C. smaller D. the smaller2.A. In B. On C. At D. With3.A. walking B. going C. running D.flying4.A. with B. for C. on D. in5.A. is swimming B. is boating C. are running D. are boating6.A. In B. with C. from D. at7.A. look B. likes C. looks D. like8.A. a B. / C. an D. the 9.A. are running B. are walking C. are climbing D. are jumping10.A. little better B. much better C. many better D. the best三. 阅读明白 (A) Mark Twain is traveling to Dijon by train. He wants to sleep very much, so he asks the conductor(服务员)to wake him up when the train gets to Dijon. The he goes to sleep. Later, when wakes up, it is early the next morning and the train has got to Paris. He knows at once that the conductor doesn’t wake him up at Dijon. He is very angry. He runs up to the conductor and says, “Why didn’t you wake me up and put me off the train at Dijon? I am very angry about it!” The conductor smiles and looks at him, “Another American is more angry than you. But you can’t see him now. I put him off the train at Dijon last night.”凭据漫笔内容，判断下列各句的正误：正确的答“A”，错误的答“B”。1． Mark twain asks the conductor to wake him up in Paris.2． The train got to Dijon at night.3． Mark Twain was very angry with the conductor.4． The conductor made a mistake（错误）. He put another American off the train at Dijon.5． Mark Twain can’t see that American because the American doesn’t like him. (B)The worst tourist in the world is Nicholas Scotti of San Francisco . Once he flew from the US to his home town in Italy to see someone at home. The plane made a one-hour stop to get oil at Kennedy Airport of New York. As he thought he had arrived home, Mr Scotti got off the plane. He thought he was in Rome .When nobody was there to meet him, Mr Scotti thought maybe they were held up by heavy traffic. While looking for their addresses, Mr Scotti found that the old "Rome" had changed a lot. Many old buildings were replaced by high modern ones.He also found that many people spoke English instead of Italian and that many street signs were written in English.Mr Scotti knew very little English, so he asked a policeman(in Italian) the way to the bus station. He happened to meet a policeman who was also born in Italy and answered him in the same language.After twelve hours' traveling round on a bus, the driver handed him over to a second policeman. He asked the policeman why the Rome police employed so many people as policemen speaking English of Italian.To get him on a plane back to San Francisco, He was sent to the airport in a police car with sirens(警报) on. "Look," said Scotti to his interpreter , "I know I'm in Italy. That's how they drive."1. When Mr Scotti arrived at the airport, nobody met him because ____________. A. he was in New York B. he was in Rome C. policemen could help him D. he was in an Italian city2. In what direction (偏向) did the plane fly when Mr Scotti went to Italy from the US? A. To the east. B. To the south. C. To the west D. To the north.3. Why was Mr Scotti so sure that he was in Rome? A. Because he traveled a lot. B. Because he knew little about the US. C. Because he knew little about Italy. D. Because he didn't travel much.4. At last Mr Scotti _________. A. knew he did something wrong B. still thought he was C. knew he was wrong D. knew he was home5. Do you think many people do the same thing as Mr Scotti did? A. Nobody but Mr Scotti made this kind of mistake. B. Many people make this kind of mistake. C. Few people make this kind of mistake. D. 50% of people will make the same mistake. (C)My wife and I stayed in London for a few weeks last year. We went there in the autumn. We think it is the best season to visit England. The weather is usually quite good and there are not too many visitors in October.We stayed in a small restaurant in the West End. We did most of our sightseeing on foot. We went to look at all the places. We went shopping and spent too much money. We liked going to the theatre . We don't have the chance to see such good plays (戏剧) at home. A lot of people say English food is very bad. We didn't think so. Most of the restaurants are French or Chinese, but we had some very good meals.We enjoyed our holiday very much. We want to go there again this year. We are going to take our umbrellas . I'm sure we'll need them sometimes.1. “We went shopping and spent too much money” means _________.A. they didn't enjoy shopping and spent too much moneyB. prices were high in England C. there were so many good things in the shops and they bought a lot D. they liked to go shopping with lots of money2. They didn't have the chance to see such good plays_________.A. in their small restaurant B. in their home town C. in France D. in England3. You can get _______ in a restaurant.A. meals B. clothes C. books D. cakes4. I'm sure we'll need umbrellas sometimes because__________.A. umbrellas can be very good presents for their friends in London B. it often rains in London C. the English people like to bring umbrellas with them D. the English people protect (掩护) themselves with umbrella5. The two visitors came from________.A. England B. France C. America D. a country we don't know 四. 凭据所给汉语完成下列英语句子1. Yesterday afternoon Miss Li came here _________ (向你致歉).2. I did everything ___________ (他要求我做的).3. We saw the old scientist ____________ (在花园里散步) just now.4. My grandpa has ___________ (好影象). He can remember many things.5. Do you know who _______ (发现了机械人)？6. I find ____________ (记着这些单词很难).7. I enjoy ____________ (吃大肉).8. Don’t stand ___________ (一直). Please give me a hand.9. Wang Zheng __________ (身世在)a worker’s family.10. ________________ (祝你们好运), all the boys.初二年级（中）【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. give a concert2. fall down3. go on4. at the end of5. go back6. in ahurry7. write down8. come out9. all the year round10. later on 11. at times 12. ring sb. up 13. Happy New Year! 14. have a party 15. hold on16. hear from17. be ready 18. at the moment19. take out 20.the same as21. turn over22. get-together23. put on24. take a seat25. wait for26. get lost27. just then28. first of all29. go wrong30. make a noise31. get on32. get off33. stand in line34. at the head of35. laugh at36. throw about37. in fact38. at midnight39. enjoy oneself40. have a headache41. have a cough42. fall asleep43. again and again 44. look over45. take exerciseII. 重要句型1. be good for sth.2. I think …3. I hope…4. I love…5. I don’t like…6. I’m sure…7. forget to do sth.8. take a message for sb.9. give sb. the message 10. help yourself to sth.11. be famous for sth.12. on one’s way to…13. make one’s way to…14. quarrel with sb.15. agree with sb.16. stop sb. from doing sth.III. 外交用语1.What’s the weather like today?2.It’s cold, but quite suuny.3.How cold it is today!4.Yes, but it’ll be warmer later on.5.Shall we make a snowman?6.Ok. Come on!7.Happy New Year!8.May I speak to Ann, please?？9.Hold on, please.10.Thanks a lot for inviting me to your party.11.Ok. But I’m afraid I may be a little late.12.Can I take a message for you? 13.That’s OK. It doesn’t matter. 14.I’m very sorry, but I can’t come.15.I’m sorry to hear that.16.Happy birthday!17.Would you like ...? Would you like to ...?18.Do you think ...? Yes, I think so. / No, I don't think so.19.Do you agree? Yes, I agree. / No, don't really agree. I really can't agree.20.There are a few / a lot of ... / on it.21.So do we.22.I'm happy you like it.23.Which is the way to ..., please? 24.Turn right/left at the ... crossing. 25.Go on until you reach ... 26.How can I get to ...? Go down/up/along this road. 27.What's the matter? 28.It'll take you half an hour to ... 29.We'd better catch a bus. 30.It may be in ... Ah, so it is31.You must be more careful! 32.You mustn't cross the road now. 33.If you want to cross a street, you must wait for the green light. 34.Please stand in line. 35.You must wait for your turn. 36.If you don't go soon, you'll be late. 37.I don't feel very well. 38.My head hurts. 39.You mustn't eat anything until you see the doctor.40.What's the trouble? 41.What's the matter with…? 42.She didn't feel like eating anything. 43.Nothing serious. 44.Have/get a pain in… 45.No problem. 46.Take this medicine three times a day.IV. 重要语法1. 一般已往时；2. 反意疑问句的用法；3. 一般未来时；4. 叹息句；5. 简朴句的五种基本句型；6. 情态动词can, may和must, have to的用法；7. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句。【名师解说】1. above/ over/ on 这三个介词都表现“在……之上”，但寄义差别。
on指在某物的外貌上，和某物接触；above指在某物的上方，反面某物接触，但也纷歧定在某物的正上方；over指在某物的正上方，反面某物接触。试比力：There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。I raise my right hand above my head. 我把右手高举过头。There is a stone bridge over the river. 河面上有座石桥。
2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth.forget to do sth.意思是“忘记做某事”，实际上还没做；forget doing sth,意思是“忘记做过某事”，实际上已经做过了。试比力：I forgot to tell him the news.我忘记告诉他这条消息了。I forgot telling him the news.我已经把这条消息告诉他了，我却忘了。
类似的词另有：remember, regret等。3. hope/wishhope和wish 在汉语中都有“希望”的意思，但其寄义和用法有所差别。主要区别如下：(1)wish可以用来表现不行实现的愿望；hope只能用来表现可能实现的愿望。
例如：I wish I were 20 years younger.我希望自己能年轻二十岁。I hope you’ll be better soon. 我希望你能很快好起来。I wish the weather wasn’t so cold. 希望天气不这麽冷。
I hope he will come, too. 我希望他也能来。(2)wish可以接sb. to do sth. 的结构，而hope不行以。例如：Do you wish me to come back later? 你是否希望我再来？4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or sth. (1)be sure to do sth.可以用来表现说话人给对方提出要求，意思是“务必”，也可以用来表现说话人做出的推断，意思是“一定”，“肯定”。例如：Be sure to lock the door when you leave.你脱离时务必把门锁好。
It’s a good film. You are sure to enjoy it.这是一部好影戏，你肯定会喜欢的。(2)be sure of/about sb.or sth. 可用来表现“某人对某事有掌握”。例如：I’m sure of his success.我相信他会乐成。
I think it was three years ago, but I’m not sure about it.我想那是三年前的事情，但我没有掌握。5. hear from/hear of hear意思是“听到”，从那里听到要用from来表现。例如：I’ve heard from Xiao Wu that we’ll start out military training tomorrow.我听小吴说，我们明天开始军训。
Listen to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.听录音，并写出你从韩梅那里听到的内容。hear from另有一个意思是“收到某人的来信”（=receive a letter from sb.）。例如：I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last month. 上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。
I heard from her last week. 我上周接到了她的来信。hear of和和hear from寄义差别。hear of 意思是“听说”，“得知”（某事或某人的存在），常用在疑问句和否认句里。
例如：Who is he? I’ve never heard of him.他是谁？我从来没有听说过他。I never heard of such a thing! 这样的事我从来没有听说过。6. It’s a pleasure./With pleasure.It’s a pleasure这句话常用作别人向你表现致谢时的答语，意思是“那是我乐意做的”。例如：---Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你地资助。
---It’s a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。---Thanks a lot. Bye.很是谢谢。
再见。---It’s a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。
再见。类似的话另有 “Not at all.” “You are welcome.” “That’s all right.” With pleasure也用作客套的答语，主要用在别人要你做某事，而你又很是愿意去做的场所。例如：---Will you please pass me the newspaper, please? 请你把报纸递给我好吗？---With pleasure. 固然可以。7. seem/look(1)二者都可以作“看起来”讲，但seem表示凭借一些迹象作出的有凭据的判断，这种判断往往靠近事实；look着重强调由视以为出的印象。
两者都可跟(to be)+形容词和as if从句。如：He seems / looks (to be) very happy today. 他今天看起来很兴奋。It looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain. 似乎要下雨了。
(2)但下列情况中只用seem不用look：1)后跟不定式to do时。如： He seems to know the answer. 他似乎知道谜底。2)在It seems that ...结构中。
如： It seems that he is happier now than yesterday.他像比昨天兴奋些了。8. be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for (1)be ready to do和be ready for…表现“已作好…的准备”，强调状态(2)get ready to do和get ready for…表现“为…做准备”，强调行为。
如：I'm ready to do anything you want me to do. 我愿意/随时准备做一切做你要我做的事。I'm ready for any questions you may ask.我愿意/随时准备回覆你可能问的问题。He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.他正准备动身去东京。
Let's get ready for the hard moment.我们为这一艰难时刻作好准备吧。(3)be ready to do 通常可明白“乐于做某事”，即思想上总是有做某事的准备。
be not ready to do表现“不轻易做某事”。如：He's usually not ready to listen to others.他通常不轻易听从别人。
9. at table/at the tableat table在用饭，at the table在桌子旁边。例如：The Greens are at table. 格林一家人在用饭。
Mr. Black is sitting at the table and reading a book.布莱克先生坐在桌旁念书。10. reach, arrive/get to 三者都有"到达"之意。reach是及物动词，后直接加名词，get和arrive是不及物动词，不能直接加名词，须借助于介词。
get to后加名词所在，若跟副词所在时，to去掉；arrive at +小地方，arrive in+大地方。如： Lucy got to the zoo before 8 o'clock. 露西8点前到了动物园。When did your parents arrive in Shanghai? 你怙恃何时到上海的？ It was late when I got home. 我抵家时天色已晚。
11. sick/ill 二者都是形容词。当“生病的，患病“之意时，ill只作表语，不作定语；而sick既可作表语也可作定语。sick有"吐逆，恶心"的意思，只能作表语，而ill无此意。
如： Li Lei was ill last week. (只作表语)李磊上周生病了。He's a sick man. （作定语）他是病人。不能说成：He's an ill man. My grandfather was sick for a month last year. （作表语）我祖父去年病了一个 月。
12. in time/on time in time是"实时"的意思，on time是"准时，定时"。如： I didn't get to the bus stop in time. 我没有实时遇上汽车。We'll finish our job on time. 我们要定时完成任务。
13. may be/maybe It may be in your inside pocket. = Maybe it is in your inside pocket. 也许在你里边的口袋里。第一句中may be是情态动词+be 动词组成的谓语部门，意思是"也许是"，"可能是"；第二句中的maybe是副词，意思是"可能"，常位于句首，不能位于句中，相当于另一副词perhaps。再如： Maybe you put it in that bag.也许你放在了那只包里。（不能说You maybe put itin that bag.） It may be a hat.那可能是顶帽子。
（不能说It maybe a hat. 或It maybe is a hat.）14. noise/ voice/ sound noise 指嘈杂声，噪音大的吵杂声。voice是指说话的声音，嗓音，嗓子。sound是指耳朵能够听到的声音、闹声等。它是表现声音之意的最普通的字。
有时还用作科学上的声音。例如： Don't make so much noise! 别那么高声喧哗！ I didn't recognize John's voice on the telephone. 在电话里我听不出约翰的声 音。He spoke in a low voice. 他低声说话。We heard a strange sound. 我们听到了一种奇怪的声音。
Sound travels fast, but light travels faster. 声音传得快，可是光传得更快。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1. 一般已往时；2. 反意疑问句的用法；3. 一般未来时；4. 叹息句；5. 简朴句的五种基本句型；6. 情态动词can, may和must, have to的用法；7. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句；8. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；9. 本单元学过的日常外交用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型天空、漫笔填空和完成句子。
【中考规范】1. (2004年长沙市中考试题) ---Do you know if we will go to the cinema tomorrow? ---I think we’ll go if we ________ too much homework. A. will have B. had C. won’t have D. don’t have【剖析】谜底：D。该题考察的是条件状语从句的时态。
在条件和时间状语从句里通常用一般现在是表现未来的行动。2. (2004年佛山市中考试题) You have been to Tibet, _________? I was told that the snow-covered mountains were very beautiful.A. have you B. haven’t you C. don’t you【剖析】谜底：B。该题考察的是反意疑问句的组成。反意疑问句的前一部门是肯定句，后一部门就应该是否认的疑问部门，而且要和前一部门保持时态上的一致。
3. (2004年扬州市中考试题) ---Jacky, look at that Japanese sumoist(相扑手). ---Wow, ______________! A. How a fat man B. What a fat man C. How fat man D. What fat man【剖析】谜底：B。该题考察的是叹息句的组成。这个叹息句省略了主谓部门，只保留了叹息部门。
如果以What开头，就应该是What a fat man! 如果是How开头，就应该是How fat!4. (2004年福建省泉州市中考试题) ---Thanks for your help. ---__________________ A. It doesn’t matter B. Don’t thank me C. You’re welcome D. That’s right【剖析】谜底：C。该题考察的是日常外交用语。回覆别人的致谢通常用“That’s all right.”或”You’re welcome.”【满分演练】一. 选择填空1. Don’t forget _________your book here tomorrow.A. to take B. to bring C. taking D. bringing2. Mrs Brown went to the cinema, ______she?A. didn’t B. doesn’t C. wasn’t D. isn’t3. It was half past four. Everything _______ready.A. is B. was C. are D. were4. ---Happy New Year!---____________.A. The same to you B. I’m glad to hear thatC. I’m very happy D. Thank you. It’s very kind of you.5. I got up late yesterday. There _________no time to have breakfast.A. has B. had C. was D. is6. Thank you for ______me to your party.A. invite B. inviting C. to invite D. invited7. ---I’m sorry I took your pen by mistake yesterday.---______________.A. All right B. That’s right C. Right D. That’s all right8. ---Thank you for showing me the way!---________________.A. The same to you B. It doesn’t matterC. It’s a pleasure D. That’s right9. ---Could I use your computer for a moment?---_____________.A. Sure B. Really C. Right D. It doesn’t matter10. ---I just lost my bike.---________________.A. I wish you to buy a new oneB. You’d better buy a new oneC. I’m sorry to hear thatD. It’s always nice to ride a new one二. 选择能取代句中划线部门的词语或短语1.What’s the matter with your mother?A.problem B. question C. message D. wrong2.---Thank you very much.---It’s a pleasure.A. I’m very glad. B. That’s right.C. It doesn’t matter D. Not at all3.What is he doing at the moment?A.now B. a moment ago C. late D later on4.Did you have a good time at the party?A.stay long B. sing and dance C. enjoy yourself D. eat enough 5.---May I speak to John, please?---Certainly.A.Sure. B. I think so. C. I’d love to D. That’s all right.6.---Could I speak to Jim, please?---Sorry，he isn’t in.A.is at home B. is not at work C. is out D. is free7.There is nothing but an old table in the room.A. many B. Some C. any D. only8.What’s the weather like?A. When B. Where C. why D. How9.Please let me look at your photo.A.give me B. pass me C. bring me D. show me 10.Please ask him to ring me up when he comes back.A. see B. help C. call D. thank 三. 完形填空 When I __1__ in London last year, it had one of the thickest fogs(雾) in years. You could __2____ see your hand in __3___ of your face. When evening fell, it became even __4___ . All traffic __5___ to a stop. I decided to walk. A few minutes __6___ , I couldn’t find my__7___ . Then I saw a young man and asked him to help me. He agreed. As I was following him __8__ the streets, he told me, “I know this part of London quite well. And the thick fog ___9__ to me. You see, I’m __10___ .”1.A. is B. was C. am D. are2. A. easily B. hard C. hardly D. even3. A. front B. the front C. back D. the back4. A. bad B. worse C. good D. better5.A. began B. started C. went D came6.A. late B. later C. early D. earlier7.A. road B. way C. street D. home8.A. along B. in C. through D. by9.A. is not good B. does good C. is nothing D. has something10.A. strong B. week C. blind D. Clever四. 阅读明白 (A) John was a very famous pianist. When he was a small boy, he once played at a party at the home of a rich man. He was only eight years old. But he had played for several years. At the party he played a famous piece by Beethoven (贝多芬). He played wonderfully. The famous piece has in it several very long rests. In each of these rests he took his hands from the piano and waited. To him this was very exciting. But it seemed that the mother of the rich man thought differently. Finally during one of these rests she came over to him. She touched him on the head with a smile and said, “My boy, why don’t you play us what you know well?” 凭据漫笔内容判断正误：正确的答“A”，错误的答“B”。1.John once played the piano at a party when he was only a little boy.2.John began to play the piano at the age of eight.3.In each of the rests John took his hands from the piano because he felt tired.4.The rich man’s mother did not think John played the piece well.5.I n fact the mother of the rich man knew the piece well. (B) One day, we had an English class. The teacher saw a boy reading a picture book and said, “Tom, what do you usually do after lunch?” Tom nervously(紧张地)got up from his seat, but he did not know what to answer. He thought for some time and then said, “Wait for supper.” The teacher was displeased and just at that moment, he saw another boy asleep. The teacher was getting a little angry now, but he was trying not to show it. Then he asked, “And you, Joke?” As Joke was asleep, of course, he could not hear what the teacher had said. His deskmate(同桌) woke him up. Joke stood up quickly and answered in a loud voice, “So do I”.1.This story happened____________.A. in the teacher’s office B. after lunchC. in class D. a home2.Tom’s answer made the teacher __________.A. angry B. displeased C. surprising D. laughing3.The teacher asked Joke ________.A.what he wanted to do after classB.what he did in classC.the same question as he asked TomD.to help Tom4.Joke’s answer meant that_______.A.he knew what to do and what not to do after lunchB.he did the same thing as Tom didC.he read a picture-bookD.he did many things after lunch5.From the above story we can see that ________. A. Joke did not know what question the teacher had askedB.Tom did well in his lessonsC.Joke was good at his lessonsD.Tom and Joke worked hard at their lessons (C) Mrs Black, the wife of a rich business man, invited some of her friends to have lunch. She wanted to try a new way of cooking a fish, and she was very pleased with herself when the dish was ready. As the dish was very hot, she put it near the open window to cool for a few minutes. But, five minutes later, when she came back for it, she was shocked(震惊)to find the neighbour’s cat at the dish. She was in time to stop the car. That afternoon was successful and everyone enjoyed the dish very much. They talked and laughed till four o’clock. At the end of the afternoon, when she was alone again, Mrs Black felt tired and happy. She was in a chair just near the window. She looked out of the window and shocked to see the neighbour’s cat dead in her garden. Why, the fish dish must be bad! What would happen to her friends? She at once telephoned the family doctor for advice. The doctor told her to telephone each of the visitors to meet him at the hospital as soon as he could. Finally the danger was over. Once again Mrs Black was alone in her chair in the sitting-room, still tired but no longer happy. Just then the telephone rang. It was her neighbour. “Oh, Mrs Black,” her neighbour cried, “My cat is dead. She was killed by someone in a car and put it in your garden.”1.Mrs Black invited _______to lunch.A. Mr Black’s friends B. her neighbourC. her parents D. some of her friends2.Why was Mrs Black not happy after she had a good party?A.She was sad about the dead cat.B.She found her fish dish was bad.C.She never thought that she would have so much trouble.D.She felt tired after she had a busy day.3.Mrs Black________________________.A.stopped the cat before it began to eat the fishB.was too late to stop the cat in timeC.stopped the cat before it ate the fish upD.stopped the cat but it was too late4.Why was Mrs Black so shocked to see the cat dead in her garden?A.She liked the cat very much.B.She worried about her friends.C.She was sure that her fish was bad.D.She didn’t know how the cat died.5.Finally________________.A.Mrs Black found that all her friends were all rightB.a visitor told her that the cat was killed by someone in a carC.Mrs Black felt happy as all her friends were safeD.Mrs Black met all her friends at the hospital五. 凭据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子1. 收音机里说今天晚些时候雨会停的。
The radio says the rain____ ____ ____ ____today.2. 我不喜欢冬天，因为天气太冷了。I don’t like winter, _____it’s ____ _____.3. 西安位于中国的西北部。Xi’an is ______the ______of China.4. 多好吃的面包啊！_____ _____ bread it is!5. 明天白昼温度将保持在零度以上。
The temperature will _____ ____ _____ in the daytime tomorrow.六. 句型转换，使第二个句子和第一个句子的意思相近或相同1.What a hot day today! _____ _____ it is today! 2. Most of North and South China will have a cold wet day . ____ will be cold and wet _____ most of North and South China. 3. The radio says it will be cloudy sometimes. The radio says it will be cloudy ____ ____.4. The snow will be heavy in some places. It _____ _____ _____ in some places.5. Shall we go out for a walk?_____ _____ going out for a walk?初二英语（下）【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. on time2. out of3. all by oneself4. lots of5. no longer6. get back7. sooner or later8. run away9. eat up10. take care of11. turn off 12. turn on13. after a while 14. make faces 15. teach oneself 16. fall off17. play the piano18. knock at19. to one's surprise 20. look up21. enjoy oneself 22. help yourself23. tell a story / stories24. leave....behind ……25. come along 26. hold a sports meeting 27. be neck and neck28. as ... as29. not so / as ... as30. do one's best31. take part in32. a moment late33. Bad luck!34. fall behind35. high jump36. long jump37. relay race38. well done!39. take off40. as usual41. a pair of42. at once43. hurry off44. come to oneself45. after a while46. knock on47. take care of48. at the moment49. set off50. here and there51. on watch52. look out53. take one’s placeII. 重要句型1. We’d better not do sth.2. leave one. oneself3. find one’s way to a place4. stand on one’s head5. make sb. Happy6. catch up with sb.7. pass on sth. to somebody8. spend time doing sth.9. go on doing sth.10. get on well with sb.11. be angry with sb.12. be fed up with sth.13. not…until…14. make room for sb.III. 外交用语1. We’re all by ourselves.2. I fell a little afraid.3. Don’t be afraid.4. Help!5. Can’t you hear anything?6. I can’t hear anything / anybody there.7. Maybe it’s a tiger.8. Let’s get it back before they eat the food.9. Did she learn all by herself?10. Could she swim when she was …years old?11. She didn’t hurt herself.12. He couldn’t buy himself many nice things.13. Did he enjoy himself?14. Help yourselves.15. Bad luck!16. Come on!17. Well done! Congratulations (to…)!18. It must be very interesting.19. I don’t think you’ll like it.20. It seems to be an interesting book.21. I’m sure (that)… I’m not sure if… I’m not sure what to…22. I hope so.23. What was he/she drawing when…?24. I’m sorry to trouble you.25. Would you please…?26. What were you doing at ten o’clock yesterday morning?27. You look tired today.28. You’d better go to bed early tonight, if you can.29. How kind!30. Let’s move the bag, or it may cause an accident.31. It’s really nice of you.32. Don’t mention it.33. Don’t crowd around him.IV. 重要语法1. 不定代词/副词的运用； 2. 反身代词的用法；3. 并列句；4. 形容词和副词的比力品级；5. 冠词的用法；6. 动词的已往举行时；【名师解说】1. bring/takeBring表现“带来、拿来”，指从别处朝说话人所在或将在的地方“带来、拿来”。而take则表现“拿去、带走”，它表现的偏向与bring相反，指从说话人所在地“拿走、带走”。
如：Bring me the book, please. 把那本书给我拿来。Take some food to the old man. 给那位老人带去些食物。2. somebody/ anybody/nobody 一般说来，somebody用于定句，anybody用于否认句、疑问句和条件状语从句。
例如： Somebody came to see you when you were out. 你出来时有人来见你。Does anybody live on this island? 有人在这岛上住吗？ I didn't see anybody there. 我在那儿谁也没瞥见。Don't let anybody in. I'm too busy to see anybody. 别让任何人进来。
我太忙，谁也不想见。There is nobody in the room. 房间里没人。
Nobody told me that you were ill, so I didn't know about it . 谁也没告诉我你病了。所以我不知道。
3. listen, listen to, hear这三个词意思都是“听”，可是它们的用法不完全相同。它们的区别在于：(1)listen 只用于不及物动词，后面接人某人物做宾语，着重于“倾听”，指的是有意识的行动，至于是否听到，并非强调的重点。如：Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. 听！有人在课堂唱歌。(2)listen to 为listen的及物形式，后面一定要接人或物做宾语，这里的to是介词。
如：Do you like listening to light music?你喜欢听轻音乐吗？(3)hear 可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，意思是“听到、听见”，指用耳朵听到了某个声音，表现无意识的行动，着重于听的能力和效果。如：We hear with our ears.我们用耳朵听。She listens but hears nothing.她听了听，可是什么也没有听见。
4. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little (1)many修饰可数名词，much修饰不行数名词；都表现许多。例如： He has many books.他有许多书。He drank much milk.他喝了许多牛奶。
(2)a few和a little都表现"有一点儿"，偏重于肯定，相当于"some"，但a few修饰可数名词，a little修饰不行数名词，例如： He has a few friends in London.他在伦敦有一些朋侪。Would you like some coffee? Yes, just a little.喝点咖啡好吗？好的，只要一点。(3)few和little表现"险些没有"，偏重否认。
few后接可数名词，little后接不行数名词。例如： He is a strange man. He has few words.他是个怪人，他险些不说什么话。
Hurry up, there is little time left.赶忙，没什么时间了。5. either/ neither/ both either可作形容词，一般指"两者中的任何一个"。有时也可表现"两个都……"的意思，后跟名词的单数形式；neither: 指两者中没有一个，全否认；both: 指两者都，肯定。句中可作主语、宾语和定语，both后面应跟名词的复数形式。
如： Neither of the films is good.两部影戏都欠好。（没有一部是好的） Either of the films is good. 两部影戏都不错。（谓语动词用单数） Both the teachers often answer the questions.这两个老师都经常解答问题。
6. take part in/jointake part in到场某种运动; join到场，加入某一政党或组织。例如：Can you take part in my party.你能来到场我的派对吗？We often take part in many school activities.我们经常到场学校里的一些运动。
He joined the party in 1963. 他1963年入的党。My little brother joined the army last year. 我小弟去年参的军。7. quite/ rather/ very(1)quite 表现水平“很，十分，完全地”，“相当”。如：She is quite right.她对极了。
That's not quite what I want . 那并不完全是我所要的。(2)rather 表现水平上的“相当”，比预想地水平要大，通常用在不喜欢的情况下。如：It's rather cold today.今天的天气相当冷。
(3)very表现水平“很，甚，极其，很是”，用于修饰形容词或副词，既可用在喜欢的情况下，也可用于不喜欢的情况下。应注意“a very +形容词+可数名词的单数”结构中，"a"应置于"very"之前，该结构相当“quite a/an +形容词+名词”的结构。如：Two months is quite a long time. / a very long time. 两个月是一段很长的时间。
It's a very nice day / quite a nice day. 今天天气很好。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1. 不定代词/副词的运用； 2. 反身代词的用法；3. 并列句；4. 形容词和副词的比力品级；5. 冠词的用法；6. 动词的已往举行时；7. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；8. 本单元学过的日常外交用语。
考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、漫笔填空和完成句子。
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